가야고분군 아카이브

초록(영문)

Up to here we have explored the transition process of dwelling during Samguk(三國) Age as found in the West of Nakdong-gang River by their built age and by location. The study on the dwelling sites of Samguk(三國) Age attracted substantial interest and there was an academic seminar on this theme in the later part of 2000s. Studies on the structure space allocation functions and regional nature went on since then. Regarding the dwelling sites in the West of Nakdong-gang River which is the study object of this paper the main stream study-objects were the oval-shape pit dwellings in the West Gyeongsangnam-do area. The author’s study took the pit dwellings in various shapes including the oval-shape pit dwellings and the increasing aboveground building sites as the study objects based on existing study literature. The study method is as following. First in order to set up the temporal position of the dwelling sites the existence period of each site had been re-established by quoting the chronological records of earthenware which had been developed in the studies of ancient tombs. Then the location of individual sites and the arrangement of dwelling sites had been reviewed. The dwelling sites were classified into pit dwelling sites and aboveground dwelling sites. As the common attributes their arrangement structure and scale were analyzed. In case of the pit dwelling sites attributes such as the column pit and oven facility had been drawn out and categorized. As the result it was possible to classify the dwelling sites of Samguk(三國) Age in West of Nakdong-gang River into; 1) the Southern Coast Area Zone linking Goseong – Masan – Changwon – Jinhae – Gimhae 2) the Nam-gang River Basin Zone including Hadong – Sacheon – Jinju – Haman areas and 3) the West Inland Area Zone including Hamyang – Geochang – Hapcheon – Sancheong. The characteristic transition process by each zone had been observed. In this chapter such contents will be summarized in chronological order as the conclusion of this paper. Most of village ruins built during the early Samguk(三國) Age (late 3rd century to early 4th century) are located in the top of hills. Both of the ring type (circular arrangement) and linear type (single line arrangement) are confirmed. Regardless of the zone pit dwellings had been built. The pit dwellings are circular style and either they do not have column pit or the columns had been built outside the dwelling in a regular manner. Only in the Southern Coast Area Zone it was possible to find the rectangular pit dwelling sites. In the early Samguk(三國) Age the location and arrangement of dwelling sites were similar as the extension of existing residential culture represented by the circular pit dwelling sites; however in the Southern Coast Area Zone the difference by area became conspicuous such as that four-column style columns are installed in the rectangular pit dwelling sites that had appeared in the previous stage and the villages comprised of aboveground building sites were built. It is believed that from this timing the functional division into residential use and auxiliary use had begun the aboveground building sites became large in scale and the structure of them became more in detail. After the late 4th century the rectangular pit dwelling sites showed expanding trend in the Nam-gang River Basin Zone and the West Inland Area Zone; however still the circular pit dwelling sites were the main stream. Especially wood-burning stove and floor-heating were installed in the circular pit dwelling sites of which the walls are reinforced by clay without column pit or the column pits were built near the walls. It is judged that this style was the representative dwelling style in Nam-gang River Basin Zone. Since such dwelling style is also found in the West Inland Area Zone including the Hamyang Hwasan-ri Ruins it is assumed that the Nam-gang River Basin Zone and the West Inland Area Zone had been sharing the same culture style. In the middle of Samguk(三國) Age the differences by area became severer. Regarding the location it is possible to know that the slope at the end of hills and the adjacent alluvial plains were preferred than the top of the hills. In addition large scale villages appeared and exchange between areas became more active. Road network linking the inside and outside of the villages were built and the dwellings were linearly located in parallel along the roads. In the Southern Coast Area Zone pit dwelling sites decrease; however aboveground building sites advanced in various styles and scales. It has been found that the aboveground building was the dwelling style of special villages since the aboveground building sites had facilities with purposes such as earthenware oven steel-making furnace and docking facility for ships together with advanced road system. Especially it is noted that such villages are concentrated in Gimhae area. In the Nam-gang River Basin Zone typical circular pit dwelling sites decrease and villages made of rectangular pit dwelling sites and multiple aboveground building sites are formed. On the other hand in the West Inland Area Zone the tradition of pit dwelling sites was solidly maintained; however rectangular style with wood-burning stove that have columns in four-column style or do not have column pit replace the circular pit dwelling sites. The rectangular pit dwelling site with columns in four-column style is the dwelling style frequently found in the Honam area; which can be understood with the context that the West Gyeongsangnam-do Province area in the 5th century is called the “Gaya close to Baekje”. In the late Samguk(三國) Age the examination was difficult because there were not enough investigation information. Therefore only some characteristics could be found. The location was similar to the middle of Samguk(三國) Age; however the arrangement was different. In other words there are only parallel styles. Regarding the arrangement the Southern Coast Area Zone had been circular and the Nam-gang River Basin Zone / West Inland Area Zone had been rectangular; however in the late Samguk(三國) Age the circular type and the rectangular type were built equally. The aboveground building sites were used in the same style with previous age and it is quite notable that the well was dug in the village. This study examined the dwelling sites in West of Nakdong-gang River from the diachronic viewpoint. However it was difficult to learn the transition of dwelling sites in stages because the temporal band of each site was too wide since the chronological records of ancient tombs had been used as the standard to define the existence period of dwelling sites. Also it is regretful that the study-point development could not be generalized since the study objects of pit dwelling sites analysis had not been the whole dwelling sites because the study focused on the ruins from which the arrangement and area could be deduced. Meanwhile the author also feel the limitation in not having been able to examine the dwelling sites study achievements of the southeastern part of Youngnam area and the eastern part of Honam Chollanam-do area together in this study because these areas had cultural exchange with West of Nakdong-gang River. The author will take this subject as the next study task and complement the shortcomings of this paper.

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