가야고분군 아카이브

초록(영문)

This thesis is a reconstructive study of the local military system analyzing the iron weapons discovered from the ancient burials in Busan area. The relevance of the burial data for inferring about social reality has been underestimated because nothing does it have but symbolic meaning. Although they were produced for the actual usages the grave artifacts were however buried for the dead with the ritual meanings. Yet from the undisturbed burials especially those of elites constructed during the Three Han & Three-kingdom Period the iron weapons have been systematically discovered. In the period especially from 2nd to 6th century AD the elites of a polity acquired their power aggregating and organizing their people into the warrior groups. It could therefore be possible to be assumed that on the hierarchical distributions of iron weapons dedicated to the dead warrior's burials(e. g. in the Bockcheon-dong cemetery) the organizational features of military camps of the period should be reflected. So we can get some knowledge about the armament system and military organization from the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the buried equipments in the cemeteries of warriors. First from the detailed typological analysis of iron weapons I could define the six variants of the type associations which could be attributed to each phase of the period. The types and their associations of each iron weapon are quite systematically changed from the one phase to the next. It seems resonable to say that the co-variations of the aggressive and the protective weapons should be correlated with the changes of strategy through time. The nature of changes in iron weapons could be understood as an functional improvement adaptive to the changed strategy. For examples the form of the iron arrowhead developed from the wider type with no stalk into the narrower type with long stalk the iron dagger was gradually replaced with the long sword suitable for cutting the armoured enemies off and the long spearhead with sharp double edges so-called dagger type spearhead which had been used for both assaulting acts the cutting and the stabbing were changed into the short types of which the only pointed fore-ends were emphasized. All these typological transformations of the attacking iron weapons were caused by the developments of the defensive devices the iron amours. It was not until the terminal phase of Three Han(三韓) Period that the iron armours originally made with lacquered leather or wooden plates got to be manufactured with iron plates. The development of iron parts of horse reins and harnesses and the adoption of iron stirrups might be closely related to the appearance of horse riding warrior groups in the southern part of the Korean Peninsular. In short the types of attacking weapons had been co-varied with the developments of iron armours being adapted to the changes of conducting methods in the battlefields. Second for inferring about the military organizations and their relatedness to the social configurations in each phase I analyzed the quantitative and qualitative distributions of the iron weapons from each graves both in the intra-cemetery and inter-cemetery level. From the analyses it could be possible to suggest the interpretations as followings. First it was not until 4th century A.D. that the military forces of which leaders were heavily armed with the innovative and effective weapons were systematically organized. I would like to suggest that the socio-political developments for examples the growth of elite power the social differentiation of the polity and etc in Busan area should make the appearance of the systematically organized military possible. Second from 5th century A.D. the concentrations of iron weapons were more clearly differentiated in the level of inter-cemetery comparison than in that of the intra-cemetery. The observations of the standardized forms in the iron weapon assemblages discovered from the different cemeteries make it clear that the effective fabrication system to increase the productivity should be adopted. Therefore I would like to suggest that the military forces of the 5th century A.D. should be more widely and hierarchically organized in the regional level than the earlier phases.

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