가야고분군 아카이브

초록(영문)

Mungyeong and Sangju regions are in the northwest of Yeongnam with regions close to Sobaek Mountains such as Mungyeong Jeomchon Yecheon Sangju and Seonsan. They are mostly located to the northwest of Nakdong River. Among them Mungyeong and Sangju regions are important points of land and water transportation routes as the starting point of routes headed to Namhan River through Sangju-Mungyeong-Chungju and to Geum River through Sangju-Boeun-Okcheon. Many tombs were found in Mungyeong region by field survey but Shinhyeon-ri tomb is the only remain officially excavated. Multiple tombs have been excavated in Sangju region due to recent development projects such as construction of expressway. In this paper characteristics of each tomb and characteristics of tombs in Mungyeong and Sangju regions were examined through classification chronology and relic combination of tombs and potteries based on the investigated data. Tombs are mainly composed of a structure that allows additional burial. Most of them have horizontal entrance structure. In addition special tomb structures such as additional burial on the extension of walls and horizontal entrance on the extension of walls were found in Sangju Byeongseong Stream region. Local characteristics are shown with a typical horizontal entrance structure with square stone on the back of closing stone in Mungyeong region. Looking at graveyard classification according to materials used to build tombs difference in relic combination unique tomb structures Gayan potteries imported potteries like Sueki potteries and gilt-bronze transplantation Mungyeong region seems to have been clearly incorporated into Shilla territory during early 6th century taking an important role as bridgehead for entry to Namhan River of Shilla shown by tombs in Nuam-ri and Haguam-ri of Chungju region. Also Mungyeong region showed unique tomb distribution structure and relics different from other regions because it accommodated diverse cultures as the borderland of the Three Kingdoms. Until 4th century Sangju region had at least 3 indigenous forces including Cheong-ri Byeongseong Stream (Byeongseong-dong Heonshin-dong and Seongdong-ri) and Hamchang regions. Shilla entered this region during 5th century with Cheong-ri region as the foothold. Looking at the size of tombs and excavation of relics the foothold is believed to have moved from Cheong-ri to Sangju basin in the west of Byeongseong Stream tombs during mid 5th century. By late 5th century old mounds appeared in tombs of Byeongseong Stream. Internal structure of such old mounds used unique structure with extended walls. As tombs were developed into tombs for high class with many Shilla potteries and harnessry it grows as the central point of Shilla's territorial expansion in Sangju region. In addition Shilla extends past Hwaryeong and enters Boeun region while centralizing Byeongseong Stream as the new focus of territorial expansion. This is shown by construction of Samnyeon mountain fortress (470 AD) and relics collected from tombs of Samnyeon mountain fortress found during recent field survey. Shilla probably seeked for entry to Namhan River and Geum River by entering Boeum region with Byeongseong Stream. On one hand local group with strong local color was maintained in Hamchang region until late 5th century. Based on excavation of Shilla potteries and gilt-bronze transplantation from 6th century Sangju region seems to have completely been incorporated into Shilla territory. Since this paper examined tombs for which official reports have been published data are limited to partial rescue excavations. Especially tombs in Byeongseong Stream region are an extremely small part of tombs distributed throughout Byeongseong Mountain region and only Shinhyeon-ri tomb was found in Mungyeong region. Future excavations reporting new data must be used to supplement such limitations.

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